翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Conservation-reliant species ・ Conservationist ・ Conservatism ・ Conservatism (belief revision) ・ Conservatism (disambiguation) ・ Conservatism in Australia ・ Conservatism in Canada ・ Conservatism in Colombia ・ Conservatism in Germany ・ Conservatism in North America ・ Conservatism in Pakistan ・ Conservatism in Serbia ・ Conservatism in South Korea ・ Conservatism in the United Kingdom ・ Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera ・ Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects ・ Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects ・ Conservation and restoration of glass objects ・ Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects ・ Conservation and restoration of ivory objects ・ Conservation and restoration of metals ・ Conservation and restoration of musical instruments ・ Conservation and restoration of objects made from plastics ・ Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks ・ Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects ・ Conservation and restoration of photographs ・ Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts ・ Conservation and restoration of silver objects ・ Conservation and restoration of textiles ・ Conservation and restoration of Tibetan thangkas Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects ： ウィキペディア英語版 Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects is a process dedicated to the preservation and protection of objects of historical and personal value made from ceramic. Typically this activity of conservation-restoration is undertaken by a conservator-restorer, especially when dealing with object of cultural heritage. Ceramics are created from a production of coatings of inorganic, nonmetallic materials using heating and cooling to create a glaze. Typically the coatings are permanent and sustainable for utilitarian and decorative purposes.〔(Ceramic Tile and Stone Standards ). Ctioa.org. Retrieved on 2012-03-28.〕 The cleaning, handling, storage, and in general treatment of ceramics is consistent with that of glass because they are made of similar oxygen-rich components such as silicates. In conservation ceramics are broken down into three groups: unfired clay, earthenware or terracotta, and stoneware and porcelain. == Deterioration of ceramics == It is in the nature of all the materials used for construction to eventually degrade and deteriorate. Degradation of an object occurs as a result of the interaction between the environment or with the materials that form the object however, in the case of ceramics, environmental factors are the major cause. There are several ways in which ceramics break down physically and chemically. Additionally the type of ceramic will affect how it will break down. Unfired clay, like mud and clay adobe, is clay that is fired under 1000 °C or 1832 °F. This type of clay is water-soluble and unstable. Earthenware is clay that has been fired between 1000-1200 °C or 1832°-2192 °F. The firing makes the clay water insoluble but not does allow the formation of an extensive glassy or vitreous within the body. Although water-insoluble, the porous body of earthenware allows water to penetrate. A glaze can be applied that will protect the vessel from water. Due to its porosity, earthenware is susceptible to moisture and creates problems including cracks, breaks and mold growth. Porcelain and stoneware is fired at the highest temperatures between 1200-1400 °C or 2192-2552 °F. Porcelain clay mixtures are fired to create a non-porous and very hard surface.〔 However, the materials also create a very brittle surface which increases the potential for chips, cracks and breaks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.